also of interest:

Quote
For the oldest participants in the sample,
playing against a male opponent did not significantly lower overall performance. One possible
explanation is that these older players represent a
select sample that has been immune to the attrition common to female chess players.

and

Quote
In the tournaments we examined,
those females who demonstrated the largest performance deficits were the least likely to play in
future tournaments and waited longer between
tournaments if they did play. This fits with the
notion that stereotype threat can produce disengagement from the threatened domain

yet

Quote
males
who did worse when playing other males did not
disengage from chess any more than males whose
performance exceeded expectation

which fits with general findings that men overrate their performance and capabilities while women underrate.