OhGM - I'm sure you've heard me mention this before but my DS10 has visual tracking issues which led to letter reversals. He was also able to understand context very well although when he read out loud he would start on one line and end up on another. However, he would get great grades in reading and on AR tests so that didn't bother me too much. His handwriting was atrocious except when he went very slowly and deliberately and then his hand hurt from all the effort. He also makes letters the wrong way - drawing them backwards. Also, the throwing the ball thing could be a visual issue. My DS has been in therapy about 6 months and we have seen great improvement.

Have you thought about visual issues?