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    #251003 05/21/25 11:02 AM
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    I'm hoping to learn from others how you interpreted and applied cognitive abilities scores when there are discrepancies between different tests. Background: My 8 yo daughter began having testing for suspected dyslexia as early as Kindergarten. That was followed by a full neuropsych eval and dyslexia diagnosis at the end of 1st grade. And now she has had gifted testing in 2nd grade. None of the scores align and I'm struggling to understand her true cognitive abilities and what I should be doing to support her. Outside of testing, my subjective observations are that she has high vocabulary and conversational abilities from a very young age. She thinks differently about problems and potential solutions. She has had high emotional intelligence from a young age and understands people and herself better than most adults.

    Kindergarten: 5 years 10 months
    Differential Abilities Scales, Second Edition (DAS-Il)
    Verbal Ability Cluster: 124 95th percentile
    Nonverbal Reasoning Cluster: 128 97th percentile
    Spatial Reasoning Cluster: 105 63rd percentile
    General Conceptual Ability (GCA) Cluster: 124 95th percentile

    First Grade: 7 years 0 months
    WISC-V
    Verbal Comprehension: 116 86th percentile
    Visual Spatial: 114 82nd percentile
    Fluid Reasoning: 109 73rd percentile
    Working Memory: 88 21st percentile
    Processing Speed: 100 50th percentile
    Full Scale IQ: 108 70th percentile

    Second Grade: 7 years 11 months
    NNAT3
    Naglieri Abilty Index (NAI) 117 86th percentile


    Why are her scores so different from year to year and test to test. I do see she is absolutely drained mentally trying to learn to read with her dyslexia. I am not sure if her effort is changing, her working memory is exhausted, or the test are just looking at different aspects of her cognitive abilities. I don't personally put a ton of weight on her being labeled gifted or average intelligence outside of wanting to understand her and ensure I am meeting her needs. I appreciate any insights from the group!

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    Welcome, amanda218!

    aeh is our forum expert on test scores.

    That said, I can provide scant information on two points:

    1) IQ scores tend to stabilize around age 8.

    "Research shows that IQ scores are more stable after age 7, with the scores becoming less variable as children age."
    Source: American Psychological Association - apa.org

    "While IQ scores are subject to considerable fluctuation in the early years, by age 8 or 9, they tend to stabilize and become more predictive of future cognitive abilities."
    Source: The Mismeasure of Man by Stephen Jay Gould (1981)

    "The stability of IQ scores improves markedly after the age of 7, with greater consistency in measurements over time."
    Source: Psychological Bulletin (1997) - The Long-Term Stability of IQ: A Review of the Literature by Robert L. Deary et al.

    "Children’s IQ scores are less stable before age 7, but after this age, they tend to stabilize and offer more reliable predictions of future cognitive abilities."
    Source: Intelligence: A Very Short Introduction by Ian J. Deary (2001)


    2) Different tests do produce different scores.
    A few sources have attempted to build equivalency tables between various test instruments.
    https://www.hoagiesgifted.org/highly_profoundly.htm

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    Welcome, amanda!

    (And thank you, indigo, for giving me a nudge!)

    indigo has already posted useful contextual information about cognitive assessment.

    I will add that understanding the concept of regression to the mean can be helpful. By this, I don't mean that some of the high scores are somehow false, but simply that it is extraordinarily rare for the same rare event to occur multiple times. Very high scores are rare events, affected by factors in addition to true intelligence (whatever that is). Multiple factors must align in order for low frequency scores to occur. Many of these factors become more predictable as children mature, and as their learning experiences become more uniform (e.g., through schooling).

    Regression to the mean is also part of understanding how test performance varies on different tests (in addition to the actual differences in the test structures). When comparing tests (both cognitive to cognitive and cognitive to academic achievement), tests typically have correlation coefficients, which are one way of expressing how similar the results of the two tests (or readministration of the same test, in the case of reliability coefficiencts) are likely to be. An example: a high correlation between two gold-standard instruments (such as the DAS-II and WISC-V) might be in the neighborhood of 0.8. As a back-of-the-envelope approximation, this would suggest that a 124 on the first test could quite reasonably show up as a 119 on the second test--which is almost exactly what you see on the two verbal measures, which are the most similar across the two comprehensive measures (which isn't actually saying much, as both tasks on the DAS-II are different from both tasks on the WISC-V).

    Leading to the more important consideration, which is that the areas labeled with similar constructs are actually sampled from very different tasks, in most cases:
    The DAS-II verbal tasks have visual supports or manipulatives, and include a picture vocabulary task and a task of following oral directions (which is extremely sensitive to fluctuating attention). The WISC-V verbal tasks are both purely verbal (for the most part).

    The DAS-II Nonverbal Reasoning has one task that is much like one in WISC-V Fluid Reasoning, but the other tasks are quite different from each other, with the DAS-II task more of a visual analogies task, and the WISC-V more of a quantitative reasoning task.

    The DAS-II Spatial tasks do share a similar task-type with the WISC-V Visual Spatial, but then there is also a relatively complex fine-motor/pencil skill task, versus and motor-reduced spatial thinking task on the WISC-V. So the DAS-II has a fine-motor involved task and an even more fine-motor complex task, and the WISC-V has a fine-motor involved and a motor-free task. You can see how someone fine motor speed is assessed a bit lower than there highest area of strength might be at a bit of a disadvantage on the DAS-II. (Note the WISC-V PSI is actually about the same as the DAS-II SC.)

    And then, of course, the WISC-V has the WMI and PSI, which have no analogs when computing the DAS-II GCA.

    Plus, the NNAT-3 is essentially like one DAS-II Nonverbal Reasoning or one WISC-V Fluid Reasoning subtest. And splits the difference between those two not-entirely-the-same index scores.

    And then to throw in an entirely different twist...if your DC is in fact dyslexic (which your neuropsych says she is), then you may see even more fluctuation over the years as her reading vocabulary alternately lags or catches up to her "true" verbal cognition. In order to minimize these types of impacts, and to maintain appropriate cognitive challenge, I would highly recommend that, in parallel to good phonetic-based Orton-Gillingham-based reading intervention such as Orton-Gillingham itself, Wilson, Barton, or one of the open-and-go home-based programs (e.g., All About Reading, Logic of English, Nessy.com), you continue to expose her to high-level vocabulary and language through any oral means available, such as conversation (obviously!), high-interest videos on topics of her choosing, and audiobooks at her listening comprehension level. If she enjoys writing, let her use whatever modality of expressive communication poses the fewest barriers to her language formulation (dictation/scribing, speech-to-text, typing, etc.) especially to do self-selected writing, so that she has maximum access to using and developing language and vocabulary at her native level.


    ...pronounced like the long vowel and first letter of the alphabet...

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