Maths problem-solving. I mean, things that are not straightforward applications of new techniques they're learning, but problems where it's hard to see what to apply or how. There are vast quantities of this stuff on the web, of arbitrary hardness - lmk if you need links, or google things like maths olympiad, mathematics challenge, etc. If you have trouble finding material that is hard enough set the child on the
Goldbach conjecture :-)
Richard Rusczyk of Art of Problem Solving is good on this and there is a video somewhere of a talk he gave about how to do this... yes,
here . *Highly* recommended. Chores and extracurriculars are great, but they are no substitute for being challenged in your strength area, IMO.