These results show that genetic and exam differences between school types are primarily due to the heritable characteristics involved in pupil admission.
Correlation does not mean causation.
Rather than indicating "genetics determine academic success" other studies have identified specific differences in parental choices and behaviors which have "enriched" the home environment for their children.
For example:
Providing books. I believe the magic number or tipping point was 3 books per person. These could be purchased, borrowed from the library, or obtained from a charity promoting literacy... as long as the books were valued, as demonstrated by reading them regularly.
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Links to research summary, books, free downloadable government resources for early literacy
Conversation. Meaningful conversation helps develop both vocabulary and an understanding of the reciprocal nature of relationships. The pioneering work of Hart & Risely in the 1960's has led to further studies. A brief roundup of links:
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Dr. Todd Risley on the value of talking to even the youngest kids
-- NPR Jan 10, 2011 -
Closing the Achievement Gap with Baby Talk-- Hart&Risley research in the 1960s -
high level summary-- Comparison:
Hart-Risley (lasting impact) VS HeadStartprogram (short-term effect)
