I love the MAP tests. They progress with your child, so they don't get stopped upon achieving some arbitrary grade level number. The teacher should be able to get the results immediately, but of course they have other stuff to do as well, so I would wait a couple of days before asking. At the very least, make sure they give you the numbers before you have any meeting about them, so you can look them up at the following links and be on the same page as the teacher.

This link shows you what sorts of things a kid who gets a particular score should already know and what they should be ready to learn:
http://www.powayusd.com/projects/edtechcentral/lladder/Default.asp

This link has percentile ranks based on scores, in Appendix B. For comparison, you can take your child's number and find where it falls in higher grades as well. E.g., a 220 in reading for a 1st or 2nd grader is off the charts 99%, and falls between 98th/99th percentile for 3rd graders, 70th for grade 6. http://www.nwea.org/sites/www.nwea.org/files/resources/NWEA_2011_RIT_Scale_Norms.pdf

As the first poster said, if you can ask your kiddo to remember the number at the end of the test, then you can know the same day what the scores are. But personally I wouldn't ask a first-timer to try to remember something at the end of an unfamiliar test.