The 2012 IMO just completed, with the top three teams being (1) Korea, (2) China, and (3) the U.S.
http://www.imo-official.org/results.aspx . The (hard) problems are at the site.
Looking at Google News stories on the "international mathematical olympiad", I see stories from Israel, Viet Nam, the Phillipines, Korea, Pakistan, India, Taiwan, and Romania noting team and individual successes, but no stories yet in the U.S. media about the good American result. Well, let the Davidson Forum fix that

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In the U.S. the qualifying exams for the IMO are the AMC followed by the AIME.