I believe that you find what your looking for, If the author of this study wanted to find it was a waste of money, he would pull information that supported his idea. My experience leads me to believe that gifted education can be effective if the school supports it with a teacher that wants to teach these children and an adminstrator that values and believes that these children need appropriate education. I have not seen great results with pullout programs. There is just not enough time to address the children's needs in a half hour three times a week and too much repetition in the general ed. classes. The only way to provide effective education is a self contained gifted class targeting the needs of the children in the program.