Parent involvement def makes a difference, well in those younger grades.
MY DS8 is pulled out for 4th grade math.
It is mid March and this class is sooooooo behind. They are in chapter 6 of a 14 chapter text book.
They haven't even seen a fraction yet.
These same kids are expected to take the citywide math test.
Well they are screwed.
They have no shot, they cannot do well.
Only if the parents have been teaching their kids a ful 4th grade curriculum will they even have a chance as passing.