Thanks Val for the Beast Academy link. I should look at those; that's really more in the direction I think would be great for my son. At least philosphically, investigations seems a general improvement over the one algorithm fits all approach I grew up with.
True, kcab, may have really been an easily disrupted intuitive ability that would've crumbled under any formalization. And those teacher-approved answers, I so remember my moral outrage that their reason was often "because how would I know you didn't copy the answer."