Originally Posted by mckinley
You switched premises there from ranking students (knowledge of a subject) to ranking teachers (job performance).
Au contraire. You responded to a phrase, taken out of context of the full sentence:
Originally Posted by indigo
Originally Posted by mckinley
The purpose of grades is not to rank a group or track aggregate outcomes.
This may have been true in the past, however mandated data collection tracks aggregate outcomes and ranks teachers and schools by the grades assigned to their pupils.

Originally Posted by mckinley
which reforms are successful and which aren't
In the context of your post, what do you mean by successful? Equal outcomes?

Originally Posted by mckinley
assess the degree to which an individual student met the requirements of an individual assignment
...
data...could be gamed
Yes, the assignment of grades can be gamed by various grading practices intended to report equal outcomes, including differentiated task demands. (Consider the impact of "differentiated task demands" on a teacher's ability to "assess the degree to which an individual student met the requirements of an individual assignment.")

Originally Posted by mckinley
people employed to identify and minimize those risks
What title/role might fulfill this function of assuring there is no gaming of the grading system?