Adding a link to this old post: Train Go Sorry: Inside a Deaf World, by Leah Hager Cohen
Amazon description here.

Adding a link to this old post: Out of My Mind, by Sharon Draper
Goodreads description here.
Amazon author credits here.

Physical challenges:
- Any of the autobiographical books by Bethany Hamilton, who lost her left arm to a tiger shark attack at age 13.
- My Brief History, a memoir, by the genius Stephen Hawking who was diagnosed with ALS at age 21.
Amazon Look-Inside and reviews here. Also Travelling to Infinity: My life with Stephen, by Jane Hawking.

Specifically 2e:
- The Spark: A Mother's Story of Nurturing, Genius, and Autism, the story of Jacob Barnett, authored by his mother.
- Autobiographical books by Daniel Tammet, who has autism.

List:
- Goodreads Listopia: Children's Fiction with Positive Images of Disability