I think in the case of some disabilities, this is probably the case. My DD with ADHD doesn't filter anything out. She would do great as a caveman watching out for wooly mammoth to hunt. Not so great sitting in school when 30 kids are surrounding her talking and she's expected to figure out 982 divided by 36.
DS, on the other hand, would be dead as a caveman, with his coordination issues, he probably would have been eaten by a wooly mammoth. He doesn't function all that well in modern society either, the challenges are just different.
Spit-take! My DD doesn't have ADHD but she doesn't miss anything, either. Wound up tight and would imagine wooly mammoth if there weren't a real one around to scare her into flight!
DS would be a dead-caveman, too. Not because of coordination challenges, but because he wouldn't notice he was being eaten until he was half-digested.
