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    http://www.nber.org/papers/w22104?utm_campaign=ntw&utm_medium=email&utm_source=ntw
    Quote
    Can Tracking Raise the Test Scores of High-Ability Minority Students?
    David Card, Laura Giuliano
    NBER Working Paper No. 22104
    Issued in March 2016
    NBER Program(s): ED LS
    We study the impacts of a tracking program in a large urban school district that establishes separate “gifted/high achiever” (GHA) classrooms for fourth and fifth graders whenever there is at least one gifted student in a school-wide cohort. Since most schools have only a handful of gifted students per cohort, the majority of seats are filled by high achievers ranked by their scores in the previous year’s statewide tests. We use a rank-based regression discontinuity design, together with between-cohort comparisons of students at schools with small numbers of gifted children per cohort, to evaluate the effects of the tracking program. We find that participation in a GHA class leads to significant achievement gains for non-gifted participants, concentrated among black and Hispanic students, who gain 0.5 standard deviation units in fourth grade reading and math scores, with persistent effects to at least sixth grade. Importantly, we find no evidence of spillovers on non-participants. We also investigate a variety of channels that can explain these effects, including teacher quality and peer effects, but conclude that these features explain only a small fraction (10%) of the test score gains of minority participants in GHA classes. Instead we attribute the effects to a combination of factors like teacher expectations and negative peer pressure that lead high-ability minority students to under-perform in regular classes but are reduced in a GHA classroom environment.
    In schools that track, top track classes will not represent all ethnic groups equally, because there are group differences in achievement and IQ test scores. But this article shows that tracking can help minority students who do qualify.

    The paper is here.

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    Thanks for posting this interesting study.
    Originally Posted by overview
    ... we attribute the effects to a combination of factors like teacher expectations and negative peer pressure that lead high-ability minority students to under-perform in regular classes but are reduced in a GHA classroom environment.
    Is it possible that ALL gifted & high achieving students (not just the identified minorities) might benefit from tracking which removes them somewhat from low teacher expectations and negative peer pressure in regular classrooms?

    The forums are filled with threads about gifted students "hiding", "blending in", "dumbing down" and "underachieving" in order to be more like their age-peers in regular classrooms.

    There are also numerous posts about teacher choice of "differentiation" strategy which sets low expectations. For example: having students read a book of their choice or engage in busywork if they complete work before the rest of the class is ready to move on, rather than students being taught something new at their level of readiness.

    Here are some links to old threads which are related:
    1) Does Gifted Education Work? For Which Students? posted September 8, 2014
    2) Who gets into gifted programs? posted November 11, 2015

    These studies seem to indicate that "gifted education" works for students who are not identified as gifted (being somewhat shy of the 130 IQ [116 IQ for minorities and English Language Learners]) but are still high-achieving and based upon their high achievement are placed in classrooms with gifted pupils in order to bring the pupil count in these classrooms up to 20-24. Past discussion has included that the curriculum may not have been high enough to provide significant learning for the gifted pupils, but was high enough to provide significant learning for the high-achieving pupils.

    If I read these papers correctly, putting them all together we learn that the "gifted programs" studied were of less benefit to:
    - gifted students with IQ 130 and above
    - high achieving students with IQ just below the 130 threshold
    - gifted minority/ELL students with IQ 116 and above
    and were of more benefit to:
    - high achieving minority/ELL students with IQ just below the 116 threshold.

    Therefore the "gifted programs" studied were of more benefit to non-gifted but high-achieving minority/ELL students.

    Good for those students, but what is being done to serve gifted students? Is it possible that gifted students have become the under-represented population in "gifted education"?

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    Perhaps. Except maybe the White and Asian kids are not subjected low expectation and negative peer pressure nearly as much.

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    Originally Posted by Thomas Percy
    Perhaps. Except maybe the White and Asian kids are not subjected low expectation and negative peer pressure nearly as much.

    I don't know about Asians but in NZ there is a strong anti ue academic culture among many white students. I think the deciding factor for education is tbe value placed on it at home and within the extended family.

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    Originally Posted by puffin
    I think the deciding factor for education is the value placed on it at home and within the extended family.
    Agreed. smile


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