For example, here are some questions from the NAEP that are considered medium (answered correctly by 40 to 59% of 12th graders):

10. If a 2 by 18 rectangle has the same area as a square, what is the length of a side of the square?
A.4
B.6
C.8
D.10
E.12

9. If the digit in the tens place of 37,241 is increased by one and the digit in the thousands place is decreased by one, how has the number been changed?

A.The number has been decreased by 990.
B.The number has been decreased by 1,000.
C.The number has been decreased by 1,010.
D.The number has been increased by 10.
E. The number has been increased by 1,010.

7.
1 gallon = 4 quarts
1 quart = 2 pints

The number of pints in 10 gallons could be determined by performing which of the following operations?

A.Multiplying 10 by 2
B.Dividing 10 by 6
C.Multiplying 10 by 6
D.Dividing 40 by 2
E.Multiplying 40 by 2