Have you seen the post Davidson forum threads on programming resources? AOPS, EPGY, and John Hopkins CTY all offer programming courses.

My eldest son took the AOPS introductory Python course when he was 9 (I think). He learned some things and attended all the lectures, but the object-oriented programming was over his head. Now he is two years older and wants to retake the course.

To answer a question in your post -- the College Board has no rule against taking an AP exam without enrolling in a course. Homeschoolers often self-study for AP exams. If your high school allows him to take the AP exam along with the other students doing so, there is no problem.