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David J. Morin is a physics instructor at Harvard who has published several books based on his classes. They have good reviews on Amazon. Maybe others could add recent math/science books for undergrads (which could be accessible for gifted students before college). Comparable threads for the social sciences and humanities could also be created.

The Green-Eyed Dragons and Other Mathematical Monsters (2018)
Special Relativity: For the Enthusiastic Beginner (2017)
Probability: For the Enthusiastic Beginner (2016)
Problems and Solutions in Introductory Mechanics (2014)
Electricity and Magnetism (2013) (revision of Purcell)
Introduction to Classical Mechanics: With Problems and Solutions (2008)
Thank you for starting this list.

I'm a little saddened to see that you specified "recent" books as some of the older books are said to be better... newer books may appear "dumbed down" by comparison.
Topics: Game theory, decision theory, econometrics, statistics

1 - For those interested in statistical methods, Green's "Econometric Analysis" (2018 and prior editions) has an accessible Part 1 on "The Linear Regression Model" and a lovely conceptual foundations appendices in Part IV in linear algebra, distribution theory, estimation and inference, and some optimization methods.

Although this is technically a graduate level text, there's nothing mystifying about it with a calculus background. The appendices would be an excellent, tightly-delivered read for an ambitious, math-oriented high schooler who has completed AP calculus. It's used in quant-heavy undergrad fourth year classes dual-enrolled with grad studies, so I say undergrad level.

2 - Students interested in an introductory, axiomatic/proof-based treatment of game theory, asset markets, and optimizations will enjoy Hal Varian's "Microeconomic Analysis" (3rd edition, 1992).

Again - this is technically marketed as a first-year graduate text, but I know it as a third-year undergrad text. High schoolers in our families with a taste for economic optimization and intro game theory will enjoy this.

3 - And finally...for the aspiring game or decision theorist, R. Duncan Luce's 1989 "Games and Decisions: Introduction and Critical Theory" is a cute treatment of the topic for undergrads. (I promise! This book is actually recognized as for undergrads!)

Order of operations here is:
Appendices in 1
3
Part 1 of 1
2
Rest of 1 ad libitum
Thanks. When looking these up, some very interesting other books came up on Amazon. Not familiar with them. So appreciate the reviews. Though it seems like many of these books are for aspiring stock market algorithm writers.
STEM book recommendations are covered pretty extensively on the AoPS wiki.

https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/Science_books
Though not having worked with the book myself yet (hopefully the opportuny will come), I have been recommended this series of books on machine learning:

https://probml.github.io/pml-book/
Originally Posted by raphael
Though not having worked with the book myself yet (hopefully the opportuny will come), I have been recommended this series of books on machine learning:

https://probml.github.io/pml-book/

There is also An Introduction to Statistical Learning with an associated MOOC.
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