The College Board now has two pages about the Adversity Score, one of them cited in a New York Times article Your Questions about the New Adversity Score on the SAT, Answered.

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Among the scholars who consulted for the College Board was Richard D. Kahlenberg, a fellow at the Century Foundation and a proponent of class-based affirmative action. He said he would like to see the College Board tool evolve to also include information on a student’s individual family.

Environmental Context Dashboard
The Environmental Context Dashboard is a new admissions tool that allows colleges to incorporate context into their admissions process in a data-driven, consistent way. The Dashboard includes:

SAT Scores in context: Students' SAT scores can be seen within the context of the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile of SAT scores from their high school.
Contextual data on the student’s neighborhood and high school: Including typical family income, family structure, educational attainment, housing stability, and crime.
Information on the high school: Including AP opportunity at the school (average number of AP Exams taken, average AP score from that HS); percentage of students who meet federal eligibility criteria for free and reduced-price lunch; rurality/urbanicity; and senior class size.

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More detail is at Detailed Data Description
We want to make sure students, families, educators, and admissions officers have information about what data is included in the Environmental Context Dashboard and where the data comes from. The robust data included in the Dashboard shines a light on students who have demonstrated resourcefulness to overcome challenges and achieve more with less.

The Dashboard has three components:

SAT scores in context: Student’s SAT scores can be seen within the context of the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile of SAT scores from the student’s high school (3-year average). The SAT score is the only piece of student-specific information admissions officers see in the Dashboard.
Information on the high school: Including senior class size; percentage of students who meet federal eligibility criteria for free and reduced-price lunch; rurality/urbanicity; and average first-year SAT score of colleges students from that high school attend, the percentage of seniors taking an AP Exam, average number of AP Exams taken, average AP score from that high school, and the number of unique AP Exams administered at that high school (3-year average).
Contextual data on the neighborhood and high school environment: The context data includes two measures—neighborhood and high school environment—calculated using data drawn from a combination of publicly available sources (e.g., NCES and U.S. Census Bureau), and aggregated College Board data.

All data is aggregate and based on census tracts. Here’s what’s included:

Neighborhood measure comprised of income, family structure, housing, educational attainment, and likelihood of being a victim of a crime High school measure comprised of income, family structure, housing, and educational attainment
Median family income
Percentage of all households in poverty (poverty rate)
Percentage of families with children in poverty
Percentage of households with food stamps
Percentage of families that are single-parent families with children and in poverty
Percentage of families that are single-parent families with children
Percentage of housing units that are rental
Percentage of housing units that are vacant
Rent as a percentage of income
Percentage of adults with less than a 4-year college degree
Percentage of adults with less than a high school diploma
Percentage of adults with agriculture jobs
Percentage of adults with nonprofessional jobs
Percentage unemployed
College-going behavior
Probability of being a victim of a crime
Median family income
Percentage of all households in poverty (poverty rate)
Percentage of families with children in poverty
Percentage of households with food stamps
Percentage of families that are single-parent families with children and in poverty
Percentage of families that are single-parent families with children
Percentage of housing units that are rental
Percentage of housing units that are vacant
Rent as a percentage of income
Percentage of adults with less than a 4-year college degree
Percentage of adults with less than a high school diploma
Percentage of adults with agriculture jobs
Percentage of adults with nonprofessional jobs
Percentage unemployed
College-going behavior
The family, educational, and housing measures are based on a factor analysis of data from the American Community Survey from the U.S. Census Bureau. Neighborhood data is based on census tracts. High school data is based on all census tracts represented in a given high school.

All students living in the same census tract will have the same neighborhood data and all students attending the same high school will have the same high school data.
The neighborhood and high school measures are percentiles between 1 and 100 with a flat distribution, with 1 corresponding to the least disadvantaged and 100 to the most disadvantaged.
The neighborhood and high school measures are available as percentiles normed at both the national and state levels.