The article says "The new score—which falls on a scale of one through 100—will pop up on something called the Environmental Context Dashboard, which shows several indicators of relative poverty, wealth and opportunity as well as a student’s SAT score compared with those of their classmates."

A College Board publication Data-Driven Models to Understand Environmental Context from 2016 describes the model:

"This Environmental Context Framework identifies three overlapping sources of environmental influence related to an applicant’s access to the educational resources and support needed to maximize potential. The framework spans three areas of the applicant’s environment:

§ Neighborhood Environment — Measures related to the socioeconomic milieu of the applicant as they move between school and home, such as the housing market structure and stability; poverty measures; peer culture; and crime risk.

§ High School Environment — Measures related to the socioeconomic status of peers at the applicant’s high school, such as the percentage of students receiving free and reduced-price lunch; relative academic performance; access to and participation in advanced course work; and relative success in gaining access to college.

§ Family Environment — Measures related to family influences, such as family income; familial structure and stability; educational attainment; and cultural context."

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The motivation for the model is described in a blog post

More than Numbers, Context Matters: A Peek at College Board’s Environmental Context Dashboard Pilot
Camille Boxhill, Associate Director, Professional Communications, The College Board
10/23/2018

There is a 45-page College Board presentation Environmental Context Dashboard: A Scalable, Systematic Approach to Educational Disadvantage.

On page 42 there is a graph showing that a model that predicts college GPAs based on test scores (presumable SAT/ACT), AP exam scores, and high school GPA underpredicts the college GPAs of the students with the least adversity by about 0.10 and overpredicts the GPA of the students with the most adversity by about 0.10. This demonstrates that standardized test scores and high school grades are not biased against the underprivileged.