Yes, but unfortunately, that research often seems to be retrospective anecdote more than anything else.

So it's hard to know what it means. Especially when one examines how complex and interrelated the factors such as personality, intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation, etc. seem to play into outcomes.

It also begs a lot of questions regarding how those outcomes are defined in the first place.

After all, if every remarkable MIT or CalTech graduate in physics were expected to win a Nobel Prize, a great many of them would eventually be labeled as "failures" via that particular rubric.

Schrödinger's cat walks into a bar. And doesn't.